Disaster is an event that has negative impacts to society and environment by causing widespread of human, material and environmental losses that exceed community’s ability to cope using their own resources and need for national or international assistances.
Disaster results from the combination of hazard, vulnerability of affected community and lack of capability of affected community to cope with certain disaster. According to Centre for Research and Epidemiology of Disaster (CRED), an event can be categorized as disaster if that event fulfills at least one of these following criteria: ten or more people reported killed, 100 people reported affected, declaration of a state of emergency or call for international assistance. Based on the triggering factors, disaster can be categorized as natural and man – made disaster.
Natural disaster
Natural disaster is a type of disaster caused by forces of nature resulting from the consequence of a natural hazard which moves from potential into an active phase. Natural hazards will never result as a natural disaster in the areas without vulnerability i.e. tsunami in uninhabited areas. Natural disaster can be caused by physical factors known as non – biological disaster and non physical factors known as biological disaster.
Types of natural disasters
Non – biological Disaster
Non – biological disaster has physical factors triggering its occurrences and this type of disaster can be categorized in five major types based on the factors triggering it, as follows:
- Hydrological disaster is a disaster having water as its major deriving factor including tsunami, flood, etc.
- Climatic disaster is a disaster caused by the climatic changes from its usual pattern for instance: drought, hail storm, tornado, hurricanes or tropical cyclones, lightning and wild fires.
- Geological disaster is a type of disaster triggering by endogenic forces from the Earth’s inner corner i.e. earthquake, lahar, landslide and mudflow
Biological Disaster
Biological disaster is one type of disasters that caused by an organism, or substance derived from an organism, that poses a threat to human health. One form of biological disasters is epidemic which is unusual increase in the number of cases of an infectious disease which already exists in a certain region or population. Some examples of biological disaster are: avian flu, cholera, dengue fever, Ebola and
Man Made Disaster
Disasters caused by human action, negligence, error, or involving the failure of a system are called human-made disasters. Human-made disasters are in turn categorized as
- technological disaster i.e. industrial disaster and structure collapses
- sociological disaster i.e. arson, civil disorder, terrorism and war,
- hazardous material such as radiation contamination, chemical, biological and radiological disasters
- transportation i.e. aviation.
Types of man made disasters
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